The city of Jaipur was discovered by King of Amer, Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II on 18 November 1727, who ruled from 1699 to 1743. He planned to shift his capital from Amer, 11 kilometres (7 miter) to Jaipur to accommodate the extending population and increasing scarcity of water. Jai Singh several several books on architecture and architects while planning the layout of Jaipur. Under the architectural advice of Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, Jaipur was planned based on the principles of Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra. The construction of the city began in 1726 and took four years to complete the main roads, offices, and palaces. The city was separated into nine blocks, two of which contained the state buildings and palaces, with the remaining seven allotted to the public.

During the reign of Sawai Ram Singh I, the city was painted pink to welcome HRH Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, in 1876. Many of the avenues still remain painted pink, giving Jaipur a distinctive aspect and the epithet Pink city.In the 19th century, the city grew speedly and by 1900 it had a population of 160,000. The wide boulevards were paved and its chief productions were the working of metals and marble, fostered by a school of art founded in 1868. The city had three colleges, including a Sanskrit college (1865) and a girls’ school (1867) opened during the rule of the Maharaja Ram Singh II.Large areas of the city including the airport were flooded in August 1981, resulting in the death of eight people and much harm to the city’s Dravyavati River. The floods were caused by three days of clouds burst that produced more rain than the annual average.

In addition to its role as the provincial capital, educational, and administrative centre, the economy of Jaipur is filled by tourism, gemstone cutting, the manufacture of jewellery and luxury textiles, and information industries. Three major trade promotion company have their offices in Jaipur. In 2008, Jaipur was ranked 31 among the 50 Emerging Entire Outsourcing cities. Jaipur Stock Exchange is one of the regional stock exchanges in India and was discovered in 1989. Jaipur is a main hub for arts and crafts. It has many classical and traditional shops selling antiques, jewellery, handicrafts, gems, bangles, pottery, carpets, textiles, leather and metal products. Jaipur is one of India’s largest producers of hand-knotted rugs. Jaipur leg, a rubber-based prosthetic leg for people with below-knee amputations, was designed and is menufactures in Jaipur.